Which device forwards data to the destination node based on the MAC address?

A switch is specifically designed to operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model, which relates to data link functionality. Its primary role is to receive incoming data packets and forward them to the correct destination node within a local area network (LAN). This decision is made based on the Media Access Control (MAC) addresses of devices connected to it.

When a switch receives a data packet, it examines the MAC address in the packet's header, then checks its MAC address table to determine which port to forward the packet to. This efficient method of forwarding data ensures that network traffic is managed effectively, enabling multiple devices to communicate simultaneously without collisions.

Switches are integral to modern network architecture, enhancing communication efficiency and isolating traffic to keep different segments of a network organized. Other devices mentioned, such as routers and gateways, operate using different protocols and are primarily concerned with data packets and routing information at higher layers of the OSI model, which makes them unsuitable for this specific function of forwarding based on MAC addresses. A repeater serves to extend the range of a network by amplifying signals, rather than directing data based on MAC addresses.