What technology is typically used in a variable air volume system to save energy?

In a variable air volume (VAV) system, variable frequency drives (VFDs) play a crucial role in energy efficiency. VFDs are devices that adjust the speed of electric motors based on the demand for air, allowing for precise control of airflow in response to changing conditions within the space. By modulating the fan speed rather than operating at full capacity all the time, VFDs reduce energy consumption significantly. This results in lower operational costs and contributes to better management of the heating and cooling loads of the building.

When less air is needed for maintaining the desired temperature, VFDs decrease the fan speed, which not only saves energy but also enhances overall system performance and comfort. This level of adaptability is essential for modern HVAC systems aiming to optimize energy use while ensuring effective environmental controls.

Other options, while relevant to HVAC systems, do not primarily focus on the energy-saving aspects of variable air volume systems in the same way that VFDs do. For instance, pneumatic controls are manual or semi-automated systems that tend to be less efficient, and electronic sensors primarily facilitate monitoring and control but do not actively manage energy use at the same level as VFDs. Thermostatic mixing valves are more associated with water systems and