What is the difference between analog and digital signals?

Analog signals are characterized by their continuous nature, meaning they can take on any value within a given range at any point in time. This is in stark contrast to digital signals, which are discrete and can only take on specific values, often represented as binary numbers (0s and 1s).

For example, an analog signal could be a varying voltage level that smoothly changes over time, like the sound wave produced by a musical instrument. This signal can represent an infinite number of values, reflecting the fluid nature of real-world phenomena.

Digital signals, on the other hand, represent information in distinct steps. They are typically used for modern electronics and communications because they are less susceptible to noise and interference, allowing for cleaner and more reliable transmission of data. A good example of a digital signal is a computer's binary code, where information is encoded into a series of 0s and 1s.

Understanding this distinction is crucial when applying concepts of signal processing and communication in instrumentation and controls, as it affects how data is collected, transmitted, and interpreted in various systems.