How does a potentiometer work?

A potentiometer works by varying resistance to change the voltage output in a circuit. It consists of a resistive element and a movable contact (or wiper) that slides along the resistive path. By adjusting the position of the wiper, the resistance between the wiper and the terminals of the potentiometer can be altered. This adjustment changes the voltage drop across the resistor and thus modifies the voltage output of the potentiometer.

This principle is commonly used in applications such as volume controls in audio equipment and as variable resistors in various electronic circuits. The ability to change resistance in a controlled manner allows the potentiometer to provide precise control of the voltage signal, making it a vital component in many electronic devices.

Other options, such as serving as a switch or measuring signal strength or temperature, do not align with the fundamental function of a potentiometer. While other devices can perform those roles, a potentiometer is specifically designed for adjusting resistance and varying voltage in a circuit context.